Commissioned cutting, blanking and forming of stock into parts, blanks and profiles: sawing, slitting, shearing, laser, plasma, oxy-fuel and waterjet cutting, punching, stamping, deep drawing, bending, rolling, drawing, extrusion and wire or spring forming. Includes metal and polymer profile extrusion, plastic sheet thermoforming or vacuum forming, deformation-based hole and thread forming, and non-graphic film conversion by cutting, forming and associated lamination. Printed labels, overlays and printed electronic substrates belong to Printing, marking & graphic production; powder-feedstock extrusion belongs to Casting, moulding & powder processing. Joining and complete assembly remain outside this family.