Machines and complete lines that fill, portion into packs, erect containers for packing, insert liners or accessories, case-pack, close, seal, wrap, hood or strap goods. Includes manual packing stations, integrated weighing-and-packing lines, gas flushing, packaging removal and application-specific packing tools. Integrated packing cells retain their packaging purpose despite downstream conveyors or palletisers; separately supplied palletisers and transport equipment have their own families. Excludes manufacture of empty packaging stock as a production output.